Agonism

Agonism, also called Agonistic Behaviour, is a survivalist animal behaviour that includes aggression, defense, and avoidance. The term is favoured by biologists who recognize that the behavioral bases and stimuli for approach and fleeing are often the same, the actual behaviour exhibited depending on other factors, especially the distance to the stimulus.

Ethologists believe that the most general and probably the primary function of agonistic behaviour is to allow members of a species to regulate the spatial distribution of that species. It also may regulate access to both food supplies and mates.

In human societies, where verbal explanation is possible, agonistic behaviour can serve as a tool to bring about constructive activity as well as distinct antisocial, destructive acts. Some ethologists have suggested that many seemingly irrational human behaviours, such as war and murder, reflect the same instinctual mechanisms (territorial defense, for example) that leads to aggressive acts in many non-humans.

The view of human motivation as having instinctual components serves as a cornerstone for the controversial science of sociobiology. Agonistic behaviour, according to the socio-biologist, tends to occur only in those contexts where it improves the chances of the survival of an individual’s genes, either through the individual’s own efforts or those of his or her relatives. Thus, human competition may lead to the acquisition of more material resources which, in turn, may make a person a more desirable mating partner.

Agonistic behaviour, in both humans and non-humans, is greatly influenced by learning according to the general principles of classical and operant conditioning; agonistic behaviours are commonly learned through social modelling.

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133  Progeria is an extremely rare disease of early childhood characterized by many of the superficial aspects of aging, such as ….
134  Agis IV was  born c. 263 BC and died 241 BC He was a Spartan king (244–241) who failed in his attempt to reform Sparta’s economic and political …..
135 The most outstanding psychological features of aging are the impairment in short-term memory and the lengthening of
136  . Agis II was king of Sparta after about 427 BC who commanded all operations of the regular army during most of the ….
137  Agis III was a Spartan king from 338–331 who rebelled unsuccessfully against Alexander the Great. He died in 331 BC..
138  Agitprop,  abbreviated from Russian agitatsiya propaganda (agitation propaganda), is a  political strategy in which the techniques of agitation and propaganda ….
139  Aglauros, in Greek mythology, is the eldest daughter of the Athenian king Cecrops. Aglauros died with her sisters by leaping in fear ….
140  Agnano is a volcanic crater in  Napoli provincia, Campania regione,  southern Italy. It is situated in the Campi Flegrei  ….
141  Agnathan are any of the class Agnatha of primitive, jawless fishes that includes the lampreys and hagfishes (order Cyclostomata), as well …
142 Giovanni Agnelli was born on March 12th, 1921 in  Turin, Italy and died on January 24th, 2003 also in Turin …
143  Umberto Agnelli was born on November 1st, 1934 at Lausanne, Switzerland. he is an Italian automotive executive and grandson of Giovanni …
144  Agnes Of Poitou was born c. 1024 AD and died on  December 14th, 1077 in Rome [Italy]. She was also called …
145  Agnes Scott College is a private institution of higher education for women in Decatur, Georgia, U.S. A liberal arts college allied ..
146  Saint Agnes flourished in the 4th century in  Rome,Italy. She was virgin and patron saint of girls, who is one of the most celebrated Roman martyrs. …
147  Maria Gaetana Agnesi was born on May 16th, 1718 in  Milan, Habsburg crown land [now in Italy] and died on January 9th 1799 also in Milan ….
148  Spiro T.Agnew was born on November 9th 1918 in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. and died on September 17th, 1996 at Berlin, Maryland. His full ….
149  Agni  (Sanskrit: “Fire”) is a fire-god of the Hindus, second only to Indra in the Vedic mythology of ancient India. He is equally the fire  ..
150  Shiv Narayan Agnihotri was born in 1850 nearKānpur inIndia and died in 1923 inLahore [now inPakistan]. He was the Hindu founder of an atheistic …..

Some words about Agesilaus II

Agesilaus II was born in c. 444 BC and died in 360 BC at Cyrene in  Cyrenaica [now in Libya]. He was king of Sparta from 399 to 360 who commanded the Spartan army throughout most of the period of Spartan supremacy (404–371) in Greece. An excellent military tactician, he is usually cited as the embodiment of the aggressive Spartan spirit that sought to further Spartan interestsat the expense of Hellenic unity.

Agesilaus was born into the Eurypontid house (one of the two royal families of Sparta) and was the son of King Archidamus II. He succeeded Agis II with aid from Lysander. At the time that he assumed power, Sparta, which had defeated Athens in 404, was at war with Persia in Asia Minor. Sailing to Ephesus in 396, Agesilaus made a three months’ truce with the Persians; during this interim he managed to shake off Lysander’s control over him. Agesilaus then raided Phrygia in 396 and 394 and Lydia in 395. Meanwhile, a coalition of Thebes, Athens, Argos, and Corinth engaged Sparta in the Corinthian War (395–387). Agesilaus was recalled to fight in Greece (394), but he had been unable to prevent the formation of the huge Persian fleet that, after his departure, overwhelmingly defeated the Spartan navy at Cnidus.The Spartan king scored a minor victory over the coalition in 394 and fought near Corinth in 391–390 and in Acarnania in 389.

The Peace of Antalcidas (387), which ended the war, included a clause guaranteeing the Greek cities their independence. Agesilaus used this clause as an excuse to force the dissolution of Thebes’s Boeotian League. In two sieges (378 and 377) he reduced Thebes to near starvation. By refusing to allow the Thebans, at the peace conference of 371, to sign the treaty on behalf of all Boeotia, he precipitated the war with Thebes that began with the severe defeat of the other Spartan king, Cleombrotus, at the Battle of Leuctra in 371. This disaster signified the end of Spartan ascendancy and the beginning of a decade of Theban supremacy in Greece. Sparta was put on the defensive. Agesilaus twice rescued the city from attacks by the Theban commander Epaminondas but took no part in the subsequent Battle of Mantineia.

In 361 Agesilaus was abroad serving Tachos (also known as Zedhor), king of Egypt, but he quarreled with the king and joined a revolt against him. Agesilaus died at age 84 on his way home to Greece.

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113 Louis Agassiz was born on  May 28th, 1807 at Motier, Switzerland and died on  December 14th, 1873 in…..
114 In 1846 Louis  Agassiz visited theUnited States for the general purpose of studying natural history and geology there but …

115 Adelaer was born on December 16th 1622, in Brevik, Norway and died on November 5th, 1675, in Copenhagen, Denmark …
116 The Adelaide River is a river in north-western Northern Territory, Australia, rising in the hills west of Brock’s …
117  Saint Adelaide was born in the year 931 and died on feast day December 16th 999 in Seltz, Alsace …

118  Adelantado (Spanish: “one who goes before”), is representative of the kings of Castile (Spain) who in the early European ….
119 Adelard Of Bath flourished in the 12th century AD. He was an English Scholastic philosopher and early interpreter of Arabic scientific knowledge …
120 The Adélie Coast, also called Adélie Land, is part of the coast of Wilkes Land in eastern Antarctica, extending from Claire Coast   …..
121  Adamsite is, in chemical warfare, a sneeze gas developed by the United States and used during World War I. Adamsite is an arsenical …
122 George Ade was born on February 9th 1866 in Kentland, Indiana, U.S.A. and died on May 16th, 1944, in Brook, Indiana ….
123  Adela was born, it is thought, around the year 1062 and died in 1137 …..
124  Because  Louis Agassiz was beyond question one of the ablest, wisest, and best informed of the biologists …
125  Alexander Agassiz was born on December 17th, 1835 at  Neuchâtel in Switzerland. He died on March 27th, 1910, at sea ….
126  Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz was born on December 5th, 1822 in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. She died on June 27th, 1907 at Arlington Heights ….
127  Lake Agassiz is the largest of the ice-marginal lakes that once covered what are now parts of Manitoba, Ontario, and Saskatchewan in Canada ….
128  The Agate Fossil Beds National Monument is a natural “depository” of an extinct animal community on the Niobrara River in north-western Nebraska …..
129   Agateware, in pottery, is 18th-century ware of vari-coloured clay, with an overall marbled effect. It was sometimes called solid agate to distinguish …
130 James Agate was born on September 9th, 1877 T  Pendleton in Lancashire, England. He died on June 6th, 1947 in London. He was ….…

About Ageratum

Ageratum is any of about 45 species of annual herbs making up the genus Ageratum (family Asteraceae), and native to tropical South America. They have toothed, oval leaves that are opposite each other on the stem; compact clusters of blue, pink, lilac, or white flowers; and small, dry fruits.

Dwarf varieties of the common garden ageratum (A. houstonianum) are used as edging plants. Some ageratums are variously known as floss-flower and pussy-foot.

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Abakaliki

Abakaliki is a town in Enugu state, southeastern Nigeria. It lies at the intersection of roads from Enugu, Afikpo, and Ogoja. An agricultural trade centre (yams, cassava, rice, and palm oil and kernels) for the Igbo (Ibo) people, the town is located in an area known for its lead, zinc, and limestone deposits. Lead has been mined since precolonial times, and limestone is quarried for a cement plant at Nkalagu, 22 miles (35 km) west-northwest. Abakaliki’s government farm promotes egg and poultry production. Pop. (1991 prelim.) 83,651.

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84  Samuel Hopkins Adams was born on January 26th, 1871 at  Dunkirk, New York, U.S.A. He died on  November 15th, 1958 in Beaufort, South Carolina. ….
85  Walter Adams was born on Decemer 20th 1876 in Syria. He died on May 11th, 1956 at  Pasadena, Calififornia, U.S.A. He was an  …
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 89   Agarwālā  is an important mercantile caste in India, belonging to that group of merchants, bankers, landowners, and shopkeepers that are called Bania  …
90 Joy and George Adamson were  wife-and-husband  conservationists who pioneered the movement to preserve African wildlife …